
Ancient Seeds Rewrite Biblical History of Israel's Trade With Arabia
Biblical history is being rewritten thanks to recent radiocarbon dating of a few grains of cereal recovered from one of two ancient fortresses in the Arava in southern Israel. New research from the Israel Antiquities Authority, published in the peer-reviewed journal Levant on Monday, April 27, 2026, uses C14 dating of preserved organic samples taken from the Ein Hatzeva fortress south of the Dead Sea. The findings suggest the fortress was built by the biblical kingdom of Israel almost 2,800 years ago, and not by the Assyrian empire decades later as previously thought.
The study sheds new light on how the Kingdom of Israel controlled international trade with Arabia and exercised hegemony over the region, as echoed in the Bible. Researcher Ben-Ami sent seeds from the fortress granary to the D-REAMS Radiocarbon Dating Laboratory at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot. When the results came back, Ben-Ami was extremely surprised — the dating showed the fortress could not have been erected by the Assyrian empire. Co-author Elisabetta Boaretto said the dating covers the years between 791 and 772 BCE.
“If archeological remains could speak, they were now shouting that the establishment of the fortress had nothing to do with the Assyrians,” Ben-Ami noted. “We needed to find a different story.” The site is identified with the biblical settlement of Tamar, mentioned in 1 Kings 9:17-18 as one of the cities built by King Solomon. Ein Hatzeva sat at a strategic crossroads on the incense and spice trade route, and the new dating places its construction during the period of the divided Kingdom of Israel — affirming the biblical account of Israel’s reach and influence during the 8th century BCE.
(TOI/VFI News)
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